物料科学
# |9 t1 }6 |. N$ d" pMaterial Science
5 A0 T! {, x" n& u3 l物料科学定义Material Science Definition9 N+ |. g" P8 b
加工性能
! g6 l* W6 Z5 z$ E$ |" ZMachinability& ]6 E+ }. b& g
强度% ^5 I, V4 f# d, c6 X {
Strength4 o6 ^# J) h/ M" I& l& {; h! A3 M4 n
抗腐蚀及耐用 ! g7 \7 r' m0 [4 m3 f# B3 x
Corrosion & resistance durability% A$ g4 O- V' a, N- G- L, C
金属特性/ i) ^' @1 _, T1 R( y) F# F% P
Special metallic features0 [) E u6 v# H6 S+ r! a' ]
抗敏感及环境保护 0 D5 `+ z3 n1 K1 }5 c2 j$ A
Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection
3 j2 H8 i5 V0 B( j+ `化学元素 " [: p4 }/ d8 K, A" O
Chemical element
% ]; P+ Z- m2 T7 u元素的原子序数
0 p0 X3 h9 Q8 G1 H+ AAtom of Elements- H$ Z* z7 l3 w Q$ Z# J
原子及固体物质
2 W. N' Q0 j4 [, M6 F, H7 iAtom and solid material
( J1 ?3 P2 ]! j/ l# u原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表 : B! ~9 f3 f& N
The size, mass, charge of an atom, and is particles (Pronton,Nentron and Electron) 5 [+ A8 a. F7 s
原子的组织图
: j9 o+ P" o2 bAtom Constitutes 3 \( `' f; H; y. I v/ m
周期表" [( r: y. ^) c
Periodic Table
6 R: `7 s7 r; V/ B原子键结
' e& {1 D. Z& RAtom Bonding
* H2 I8 J& `$ Q6 _! @1 r1 e金属与合金 Metal and Alloy7 c* R$ m7 d# |* h
铁及非铁金属
- L( L7 F6 R4 c" `Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal
# ^% S3 j( A. f' _金属的特性
' F' x; V$ S6 [1 H" X8 BFeatures of Metal
' @9 B' [7 \& p晶体结构 Crystal Pattern , W0 d- |) ], L( K6 A
晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格 6 \ M4 p- u- z+ d, F; u" r4 c, U+ ]
Crystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cell , f M8 ^5 j3 G
X线结晶分析法 7 u5 Z- n0 Q# ]/ s7 E
X – ray crystal analyics method
6 Z; l. v/ o- p金属结晶格子 Metal space lattice; `* v# J, J g: V. X
格子常数 Lattice constant ) g* Z- }) W. H6 N9 K/ ~
米勒指数 Mill's Index
, z: ]) }3 s6 `( C. E金相及相律 Metal Phase and Phase Rule
& A5 U* |) }8 ^3 F7 f固熔体 Solid solution 2 ]7 g9 Q, Y9 L% e7 X* f; s" v; _
置换型固熔体 Substitutional type solid solution
6 [" a, _% o8 \插入型固熔体 Interstital solid solution
* H/ q) z7 S* @" x) @& d金属间化物 Intermetallic compound
) G4 u' b/ J1 C; f- U* k金属变态 - G. J: |2 x/ {/ H
Transformation
7 u9 i) ?( Q5 @' k9 }& ?3 o# P" e变态点
- l: R$ V* f8 {! g ?6 [Transformation Point
9 [5 ~' p( d& @& B5 T磁性变态; R- f; n% L9 z, s
Magnetic Transformation
0 f4 H2 t6 I/ S, ~0 o同素变态) Z: p; L, p. J& L: v$ K
Allotropic Transformation
8 Y, O1 x- O2 M. k合金平衡状态
; f# I# ~1 x9 A# F, m% ?3 IThermal Equilibrium
+ }5 o8 ], Y2 ?$ `, i3 C# l相律/ j6 F9 O9 l2 S& `3 g+ U8 y6 O1 [
Phase Rule, C1 D1 x; T$ I. r {/ o
自由度
: ]. O) e3 W9 r ~* }) d u7 xDegree of freedom
, \; r* M- z+ T4 s/ y临界温度
1 B7 [1 }6 L0 {$ A3 O* i: f" o' M* KCritical temperture) @8 e$ m& m) f
共晶& f# ?: c0 l* J; i0 W
Eutectic
8 }/ t$ _5 d8 n" K5 y9 G包晶温度 Peritectic Temperature, Q* C8 a0 H( `: ^& Z
包晶反应 Peritectic Reaction) I( T3 W2 @8 n6 l
包晶合金 Peritectic Alloy
+ D5 v/ D1 U7 B3 t/ v6 W4 B, d亚共晶体 Hypoeutetic Alloy
0 B8 n% I% a4 m x/ e2 j过共晶体 Hyper-ectectic Alloy4 _; {# [ \$ T5 Y& G
金属的相融、相融温度、晶体反应及合金在共晶合金、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶反应的比较 1 g$ q2 `5 ?! ?. |2 ~8 N- T# w( @$ z
Equilibrium Comparision
+ ~ M. F* ~# J% |金属塑性 Plastic Deformation
3 j3 Z! p5 `% T/ f+ A# z滑动面 Slip Plan/ m4 n& g$ ]: a7 P% ^. E3 E7 X3 e
畸变 Distortion1 i# \: c* Z R9 H
硬化 Work Hardening, `. d X5 u5 z
退火 Annealing
2 @2 E# T& r7 s" [; X& d* x回复柔软 Crystal Recovery
( v# l' c3 l% }) n# u再结晶 Recrystallization
, k" z6 N2 z* q$ B! U* q3 L金属材料的性能及试验
% D/ A# `& ?8 O& u! \Properties & testing of metal + N" Q% G: |5 ]/ x- _/ ?
化学性能 % l% k. |" v. K* J/ r
Chemical Properties& Y3 v# [1 H; U/ I/ K6 l) J2 H6 \2 F
物理性能
3 V. e0 X9 n1 M* z+ rPhysical Properties6 c) Z& u) v+ v" B
颜色
, X1 J: J2 l6 l/ wColour
9 o8 X! n7 L- z! w5 k磁性
8 {% F5 U0 n* f8 eMagnetisum
8 i$ q1 c3 J% u+ m比电阻
- V9 M9 H1 g) {: H! ASpecific resistivity & specific resistance
2 n9 X( i3 z- P* C p7 \* O! P7 H比重
( ^4 G/ u/ h0 U1 U8 {$ p# F jSpecific gravity & specific density8 [; S+ X( j$ x) I6 F4 p& l
比热: [6 G6 ]7 M0 ]: F9 a( ]
Specific Heat9 f/ R' R' k1 O! ]; e3 Z
热膨胀系数
3 l" B' Y9 X; U5 I" l; K" S: x8 xCoefficient of thermal expansion 4 Z( ]2 k/ I) E6 B& X( s
导热度
$ t( C7 _* k/ K1 q+ t+ H LHeat conductivity
5 c0 R! w: c3 n% ?机械性能 Mechanical properties& B& S( U' d3 E" _9 x1 _+ K
屈服强度(降伏强度) (Yield strangth)1 O7 e% F: a) A) t! N5 k# ~
弹性限度、阳氏弹性系数及屈服点
Y" K! ]+ y5 {# velastic limit, Yeung's module of elasticity to yield point
* R; F3 e, T9 S* C6 r K# j5 h伸长度
: Q5 n9 z+ w0 i) uElongation 7 j7 o, L1 E; h+ i" M* z" q
断面缩率3 p/ g' E, g( L9 R% k9 r
Reduction of area% T3 g* ]+ h/ y' X$ w& m
金属材料的试验方法/ _) B1 `" _1 o7 G' z8 Z( Y
The Method of Metal inspection
" J) ~6 N$ G# u9 p. T8 S不破坏检验
: N9 T/ v6 q j* C6 \6 QNon – destructive inspections
( Q, F. w8 e6 g; O+ j/ ^6 W渗透探伤法
+ }. n6 A# x0 y, ZPenetrate inspection * u2 K, V: p' ^% {0 U
磁粉探伤法
U5 V" f* g& d# o# p* z& P) PMagnetic particle inspection7 E0 I1 H& q8 y
放射线探伤法
5 ]7 v( a, N' c5 [( n$ J& kRadiographic inspection
! e6 A8 K7 n% ]3 D. j超声波探伤法0 R8 ]% }4 W0 n& T
Ultrasonic inspection 8 r- t ?% U. K! S- J: `
显微观察法 $ r. E( z4 b( n1 T( V/ T( E
Microscopic inspection4 g# n" c, W6 ~
破坏的检验
8 `; w6 J; h g6 YDestructive Inspection
: H# N" B) H/ m% A0 b, ~冲击测试1 S' N% |) r6 e" n' D
Impact Test1 {: q" D- V- C' ~5 e9 a
疲劳测试 ) b4 M/ X4 u5 q
Fatigue Test* _6 f \9 f4 y6 m
潜变测试 Creep Test5 \6 A+ T" {0 V! h0 w( A
潜变强度
3 I/ @- A0 |/ e5 J$ u; ~* P0 j Y: n% hCreeps Strength
, x+ v+ j Q2 C% F# |1 I" l7 |第壹潜变期 3 ]0 i) ]4 Q/ N
Primary Creep/ L& X( f! X" i; n5 u& H
第二潜变期 @) C6 h6 m% h
Secondary Creep
% O6 w( B' {/ |第三潜变期# t& F' Z' ~+ Y7 L5 q5 Y6 b8 L( d0 L
Tertiary Creep# d* T' @- a, Z
主要金属元素之物理性质) @ j" a, Z( ?4 A: I
Physical properties of major Metal Elements
+ m! @, E- Y5 X. b工业标准及规格 – 铁及非铁金属
# x3 L' a/ t9 qIndustrial Standard – Ferrous & Non – ferrous Metal
9 ^2 q/ u" x5 ~- K9 l: ^, Z6 e磁力 Magnetic
* V2 \. ?( t* S2 Q! H3 X. j简介 General
+ T0 L; }3 E- G# ^6 E5 S软磁 Soft Magnetic6 L; h/ l1 j! u, V! X
硬磁 Hard Magnetic. m% v$ d4 K4 z1 Q; o
磁场 Magnetic Field: B, V# o7 Z% ]2 R
磁性感应 Magnetic Induction
. N- H* T0 ^' ? T3 _9 H# M透磁度 Magnetic Permeability4 V! |5 b. C: w
磁化率 Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm) 4 i. f5 |, E) @% F5 p
磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁场(Magnetic Field)是因物料里的电子(Electron)活动而产生 4 z8 t5 e7 A" U# x# \) ^ m
抗磁体、顺磁体、铁磁体、反铁磁体及亚铁磁体
1 K! N( a' _: zDiamagnetism, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetism,Antiferromagnetism & Ferrimagnetism * k9 u j3 G- m+ S7 ^, n
抗磁体 Diamagnetism2 A: d, J$ o$ p( f
磁偶极子 Dipole8 I" j% a0 X' y! N
负磁力效应 Negative effect
% n l( \: g. q( L9 X3 v+ f1 O顺磁体 Paramagnetic3 S; d( @ P& D0 q- ^
正磁化率 Positive magnetic susceptibility5 f, l! S \( _
铁磁体 Ferromagnetism
) n; `# y# b: a( \转变元素 Transition element4 v. B. b8 H; }* w8 v1 O9 R
交换能量 Positive energy exchange3 `5 r. n# T: Z7 b- g6 b3 j- J" [* m) o
外价电子 Outer valence electrons" t) b4 s- |1 B8 r: W- C
化学结合 Chemical bond# c: p& W4 U4 |& i
自发上磁 Spontaneous magnetization
+ m( U/ q/ x* e3 |8 x磁畴 Magnetic domain8 D" H$ q: V- Z5 t
相反旋转 Opposite span/ x4 l& f" l% ~5 j7 ]
比较抗磁体、顺磁体及铁磁体
. R8 G5 `% B3 J& EComparison of Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism 1 _2 }+ \4 m0 Z3 Y3 g
反铁磁体 Antiferromagnetism ' H( r# d* n" ^
亚铁磁体 Ferrimagnetism 7 Z2 i9 t3 j9 b2 W8 |. `
磁矩 magnetic moment
1 }4 P7 D$ i4 B9 u! d* _6 q净磁矩 Net magnetic moment
4 a5 i! a9 ~: v b钢铁的主要成份: y; l- s* I$ p
The major element of steel
4 T! P' X. R" {: G钢铁用"碳"之含量来分类; ~% {% a1 p" C
Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents
& j7 Z; y% H% D+ `, B+ y7 K! b铁相 + Q% E0 N" }" @
Steel Phases" Q. e! T$ N4 i2 t6 g6 {, [
钢铁的名称0 Z2 W8 x6 G C( _% T w4 r. Z4 r
Name of steel: m6 y, s( E3 e, L7 k4 N8 J4 P( X
纯铁体
; h, t r0 D" _1 ^, t' Z8 \Ferrite
I" v3 Q* X& J) e渗碳体
/ M1 _+ o# b$ d6 mCementitle* s+ r9 L* I0 J$ y) J# t1 [
奥氏体 Austenite
7 F8 V& O1 ]# j珠光体及共释钢 , a! P) P/ j! W' I" O
Pearlite &Eutectoid ; e; f% s& |3 ^9 U# b* Z
奥氏体碳钢 0 p, R# v5 v+ P" g
Austenite Carbon Steel
- Q& T; q: N( @. Q2 g# u单相金属& N# Q4 g$ _( `; m1 A0 ^. l
Single Phase Metal 5 O1 W' [& d2 z" O5 F) z6 @
共释变态
0 L2 C' }7 p9 g& s2 fEutectoid Transformation
7 J* G- j+ ?- J& s5 m0 L6 _珠光体 Pearlite
1 r8 \$ P9 N4 @亚铁释体 * @. {+ U# I& B; u' W' k% k1 x
Hyppo-Eutectoid . v( m% V. U4 l+ {0 _4 u
初释纯铁体 Pro-entectoid ferrite$ m' q) L. O. S
过共释钢 Hype-eutectoid ) g \* P4 h6 l( ?2 i
珠光体
4 n$ R. I0 S9 Z! Q" PPearlite : N" O% N1 }& S. i
粗珠光体 Coarse pearlite6 G+ X: \) m* y5 Z7 j0 D V9 ~! O
中珠光体 Medium pearlite
/ K; K) l7 N# ^1 R幼珠光体 Fine pearlite. E J& b' Q2 L. L4 c
磁性变态点 Magnetic Transformation 5 @8 e7 z0 W+ _7 T0 ]9 A! ~2 e2 H2 u
钢铁的制造
* g5 J' G5 R8 @! n) a1 AManufacturing of Steel 3 r6 D% _% C9 m; h5 w5 \
连续铸造法 Continuous casting process
' w! t( `: O- J# Q' z电炉 Electric furnace0 @- O( U7 L# j& o
均热炉 Soaking pit
: t8 u5 n( {& }$ G: U* E8 U全静钢 Killed steel
; x# `% G1 K. V( c: ?) I" J* p半静钢 Semi-killed steel
4 {- B8 c3 [ S8 n1 u沸腾钢(未净钢) Rimmed steel
6 p4 m' k; `5 i- S. x1 z% j$ d钢铁生产流程 Steel Production Flow Chart 5 ~5 \1 t) [# N1 ]; U2 k
钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧
# N( S' U: P5 E( s2 G$ ]1 eThe Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel : Z# J6 U8 ~( c
熔铸 Casting$ S( G9 v8 P% ]% ?+ b' o6 R1 @
锻造 Fogging A/ s8 j i$ b) @% b- E8 A
挤压 Extrusion$ g$ r$ T1 `( C: q
延轧 Rolling
& D" b! S( o0 x8 |* n. c1 _冲剪 Drawing & stamping
; o+ {* z- l9 K/ ~# _3 T特殊钢 Special Steel/ x. ]* x [( Z; b
简介# P" }1 {% v+ _
General1 D" I* m7 b) |9 `$ \# b
特殊钢以原素分类
' H6 ~8 H6 I) _# YClassification of Special Steel according to Element 1 d6 \" K) |) B. H
特殊钢以用途来分类
7 f% ^0 y1 e8 N" @4 P( Q. OClassification of Special Steel according to End Usage 7 V9 V; F9 T% C: o# m2 j# v p
易车(快削)不锈钢
- u }% i0 B3 W: qFree Cutting Stainless Steel
. D; z1 C$ O" l' P0 n/ r6 n1 y( Q! u S: q含铅易车钢 4 }" u: s* h f3 x) k1 q! a! p
Leaded Free Cutting Steel 0 ^( \( O+ G6 P6 _1 d# q; R
含硫易车钢
1 j$ N* _1 p0 t+ y8 JSulphuric Free Cutting Steel ) g0 b! v0 k% d- a9 y
硬化性能
) l( U5 u3 ]/ V" xHardenability
; e+ k+ v: z. Y. I' `3 Q$ c钢的脆性
1 H. |; b& Q& BBrittleness of Steel
# j% x8 P. W i4 z- |/ w低温脆性 Cold brittleness
4 N* X! F: u$ }5 b. @, y6 N5 W* N回火脆性 Temper brittleness
* Z* l& `* R& C6 P日工标准下的特殊钢材
* ?' v1 M( Y: b/ Y0 @Specail Steel according to JIS Standard 1 A3 y5 y2 _9 ]! [% L( l
铬钢 – 日工标准 JIS G4104$ z0 S6 u; @) J( _! I! E& D
Chrome steel to JIS G4104
8 {, r4 D" x L! q# |8 L. W) S; B铬钼钢钢材 – 日工标准 G4105 62
; b" u4 G' z' AChrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105 : k- |& K6 \$ d+ d: G Q2 I
镍铬 – 日工标准 G4102 63
$ `" X: m' o6 q" f# LChrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102
( [+ z8 N6 b- O5 T镍铬钼钢 – 日工标准 G4103 645 _ _, ?+ b% G. p0 y, B1 b1 S( E
Nickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103 & \. v0 n: t* p
高锰钢铸 – 日工标准8 |/ ~) n; h, e+ E
High manganese steel to JIS standard 5 i* d* I! H; O% N
片及板材
% g3 U% I" ?2 ]2 x! ~4 L6 dChapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate
6 s8 W) ^3 U- L$ U冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)(日工标准 JIS G3141) 73 - 95+ A2 J/ q* j7 y
Cold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141)9 L: Q7 f3 T2 _! t' I& [, k
简介, R- c! u! x2 z3 D
General " Z* E8 R3 O, P9 U. W+ v& H# J7 a
美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢片
) F' l$ }, W! {4 fCold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard – American Society for testing and materials (ASTM)
& Y( m: _* k5 Q日工标准JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)的编号浅释
, w/ j0 W/ }+ P9 R, RDecoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141 3 S7 | P( p; }2 {3 J5 m" K! `
材料的加工性能 Drawing abillity
" A7 X9 O2 E5 M$ a" M硬度 Hardness& c$ _9 B- g3 L2 ]4 y5 y( R
表面处理 Surface finish
, |1 ~9 T* M9 |5 }冷辘钢捆片及张片制作流程图表
* o1 j% z' [2 c; Y1 WProduction flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet 4 q) g/ u* G0 u7 e9 f3 G& C/ ?( {; H
冷辘钢捆片及张片的电镀和印刷方法$ Y7 p2 ^ m# c. Q. h
Cold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method + ^) X6 M* U, J
冷辘(低碳)钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表' P# m2 z ]7 }) _
End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip
; L0 `4 \% o9 W硬度及拉力 Hardness & Tensile strength test
+ S9 {/ v; @' K4 ^9 Y0 G0 c% P拉伸测试(顺纹测试)
1 t h2 `5 J2 R" q7 s DElongation test
. {" ?+ G- h6 b t5 L4 O3 m- }: {杯突测试(厚度: 0.4公厘至1.6公厘，准确至0.1公厘 3个试片平均数)3 g- d& l% f6 Z2 P% [. Z, [
Erichsen test (Thickness: 0.4mm to 1.6mm, figure round up to 0.1mm)& A; w& E7 \" a( B' m
曲面(假曲率) |
发表于 2008-2-21 13:22:32
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