投影 projection: T2 K' c$ _2 _) V
投影中心center of projection! q+ ^' r; j/ Y( S3 {
投影面projecting plane
2 r& `( x$ P( n4 x+ R! n, {投影线projecting line: \* b& L- o+ w5 U: j: m2 b: Q! P
中心投影法perspective projection( s# K* }3 m! n/ B+ R
平行投影法parallel projection3 W) N# e6 F o7 q1 D' g7 h: Q
斜投影oblique projection
3 s8 Y, F2 G) N* b正投影orthographic projection
; b0 F! ]; t* E9 f9 f正投影面frontal plane of projection' i' K! U& L4 N8 e! m1 a
侧面投影面profile plane of projection
# l7 B y* f9 I投影图projection drawing; n+ o: v; }. P3 b4 J( ~
三面投影图three-plane projection drawing
* v5 k+ K3 S+ m, R: r投影轴axis of projection* X% D' X2 u+ n8 I! h7 p X+ k
投影特性characteristic of projection
/ ^ z- Q; y4 [5 J不变性characteristic of true4 R. X( O6 O; t, o- d0 p
积聚性characteristic of concentration0 k/ u$ k" \) ^: z' d; f* Y
类似性characteristic of similarity0 |2 B, S2 c. |8 O2 o+ h5 T
视图view
4 l3 K) G+ X; N! D2 c三视图three-view drawing
' y6 p4 r+ | F+ b; ]9 P) C( |正面frontal plane" }- i' W0 X4 V( `
正面投影frontal projection
4 S- @* h) o+ x水平面horizontal plane
$ m- U' J+ b/ n4 S水平投影horizontal projection
: W: c. S/ G6 F) J( F! p/ }1 j侧面profile plane
" Y! c6 ^: Y: a9 @) j4 F侧面投影profile projection% V0 r$ ]+ q6 R/ ]1 J, g7 T
主视图frontal view
9 Y1 @. E0 v( R俯视图top view
7 H) A7 T1 @9 D4 r! H2 \# r; B9 d左视图left side view$ K6 \1 S3 i6 r- \0 j: a
立体solid/ x* [/ F8 g8 v) Y0 j7 g# K; H6 C$ O
平面立体plane body0 ?( ^, S c' w
曲面立体body of curved surface
* w# ]1 A% v) [6 S) U! [7 B0 U9 @5 L回转面surface of revolution0 k! y$ u( M1 m. `4 u/ I1 @
棱柱prism5 S" d/ Z' [! S, X* k: Q" }4 D# F1 ~
棱锥pyramid
- R! `9 y& R& f6 g1 f- M6 q边side3 `* c: P; ^' W
顶点center vertex
7 R; e. v; m0 _6 n% P3 Y' Q棱edge, [ |* ]) p6 I. V: S8 r+ X) y) l" M
点point
3 d" l* |; m% Y, Z7 p" K9 u直线line straight line
) o t6 |( V2 I A1 b* ?棱锥台truncated pyramid9 D9 d/ N0 E& e7 h
frustum of pyramid- t6 S* B3 ]4 x& Y4 D( {1 W! C* s9 t
重影coincidence of projection4 t* f. G) n% g# J. L; ]
积聚concentrate
) L) u$ }5 H/ |变形deformation
5 w, [: g, [% w( ~8 D. g, `1 n实长true length : c( H( J: e- A
实形true shape
* e/ O+ X7 I+ H9 S' {( d8 h4 G正平线frontal line
& j2 T+ C+ r3 @# S5 N水平线horizontal line# O2 F) Y/ q2 L7 M# \ I# d: h" b
侧平线profile line) _ T* w& e. r- ] C) T* W
一般位置直线oblique line
; `+ ?( ]0 l0 X: O* m+ E铅垂线vertical line, frontal-profile line( a8 v1 X8 B( g
正垂线horizontal--profile line- `5 d# D- `" {' `7 W
侧垂线frontal-horizontal line
' e8 ~9 H( v' R) C一般位置平面oblique plane
: ]9 p3 m) }/ y: P相交intersection
+ ^9 ?& i, l" u% T平行parallel
0 u# }6 ]( f9 f/ }垂直perpendicular
+ u" b% y2 I% y- y交线intersecting line, line of intersection
6 `7 n5 Y; G" ~- x交点point of intersection
z( v4 z, m. O/ n) ~6 l6 G' R平行线parallel line
6 V2 P5 c& @# m: i+ W" m; w' i垂直线perpendicular line; f3 N, z! o [( Q
交叉线skew line
! _4 W" A# U+ B6 H5 W$ e长度length
& M9 I x' } m; w1 p" h宽度width/ ~, N; d& u8 t% H! _/ P) e/ f8 Z
高度height) }+ _: o5 h& w _, v- g
组合体complex
$ r! {% g9 k0 T( w$ [2 S8 f7 ?基本几何体basic body
7 ^( g2 |. `) d4 `相接built-up
7 L1 u2 ]3 g4 X, z/ }相交inter section8 K c4 D% j0 I/ H
相切tangent. R8 J `6 g* {! D) C: q
相贯penetration
: K4 p, r3 _( m支架brace
' [: B# {8 x/ A& F, o7 k底板bottom board9 D' L, x3 x }: F6 E3 j
肋rib8 q* R" f2 M4 L/ \! C
支承板bearing plate
. p' S$ N6 L: g3 r! K8 M轮廓线outline, contour line
) y0 r# X2 t& `, M' j+ T, L/ N底图traced drawing
: g; x' ?' s W$ I N9 @截平面cutting plane' b9 H6 E. ^. C( c
截交线line of section
1 h8 |% L! }2 `4 X6 a& {二重性dual nature
K( e% O( m% l, F' N平面曲线plane curve
& d, G4 `2 q: u3 V圆弧arc2 q, [9 Z+ ^: j4 d( A, K
椭圆ellipse
" x. Z6 }) h0 t长轴major axis0 `2 O- S# t! ]# z
短轴minor axis$ q& e5 `5 \/ t! z$ _& ]7 G8 c2 q3 O
双曲线hyperbola+ q/ z% K. P& ?6 I; y% @) I- {4 k9 ~6 y
抛物线parabola J9 H7 k+ H) s) t
圆circle+ i; n1 c) l. M+ A; P: F) p' C/ ?
圆锥顶conic apex 6 T' r1 w$ m0 B2 i
相贯体intersecting bodies" D8 V0 ~- [: y; g8 L" C) D! G
相贯线line of intersection, e6 Z- ? d! l S2 j
空间曲线space curve& {. D% M v- A1 Q8 E; K
截平面方法cutting plane method
1 b5 ?! g0 h# p辅助面auxiliary surface
A3 `' S4 `1 B, R8 X7 @6 h辅助平面auxiliary plane
- X5 \- I( ]9 y- C/ L9 `最高点culminating point
2 ]9 r6 m1 `3 q$ S+ _尺寸Size9 z" j6 c2 F! C8 H$ s5 B
定形尺寸size dimension8 i2 T! ]! ~! h$ C4 n
定位尺寸location dimension3 m- X. u2 y' Y* s* z
左视图right view3 V& |% f' N7 U3 s- v
后视图rear view, back view
$ k" \" C5 j7 i% v$ H仰视图bottom view7 t% {( Z/ m% z2 F/ E: i1 n
辅助图auxiliary view
: p0 `. v6 _0 I J' r0 m局部视图partial view, broken view
: w1 j# K% C: L斜视图oblique view
9 X1 I4 X3 A k% k& s旋转视图revolved view, aligned view
/ R* p+ l' d- ?/ |) B剖视图sectional view, section; Z) ]$ _1 C5 L( T l9 ~
全剖视full section1 c0 o- }% F/ W: L# }. n5 _) Z% W
半剖视half section7 Z$ [; A. d4 x$ g* a, w9 O
局部剖视图partial section, broken-out section
) F% ]! w7 T+ `3 \斜剖视图oblique section! \8 r, @* z+ n; t1 q: E
旋转剖视图aligned section+ E$ {# j% b. J! @6 `2 u
阶梯剖视echelon section, offset section
5 \4 O* }1 C0 ? W复合剖视compound section7 W8 p' i9 s- H k
剖面图section, sectional view! l& D# A: }$ Z, B8 f. c
重合剖面coincide section, revolved section9 o$ g7 j; _0 a' W D0 f
移出剖面removed section; [- u$ e" ?7 ?
剖面线section line& G" L) R: |) p6 w9 @
剖面符号symbols for section-lining
8 ? f3 R1 b! ~( n$ F4 J5 z8 q/ k8 W习惯画法conventional drawing
, K1 `/ K8 p+ d0 o局部放大图 drawing of partial enlargement
' W, X7 u6 A/ q' ~! y h1 a7 {& u零件图detail drawing, working drawing
9 x& }) M) z7 u% ^# j( @第三角投影third angle projection
+ K; |( F' w: |+ [粗实线continuous thick line, full line, visible line
9 O+ L( a" N) r1 V+ p; C5 V细实线continuous thin line W* J8 x: O( z- C
虚线dot line, dashed line, hidden line
5 n. @3 N4 x; V0 F. k" ~0 b9 w点划线dash and dot line* K' J8 ?& z( _5 h i
双点划线double dots line
. ~( p4 D* F3 T. _波浪线break line
$ z% R7 a+ p+ t7 {断裂线
1 y2 u# U$ x' \( c# {剖切平面迹线cutting plane line/ m! Q+ M( X: Y* H
尺寸线dimension line9 K& M4 |& S7 x, S$ q0 T5 z4 x
尺寸界线extension tine
7 L' `- r" D7 b- h尺寸dimension size% ]1 p& l; d, t% }
箭头arrowhead$ R1 q2 ]6 ^. g7 ~) K% O
基准datum
* V/ R! I5 S: {: v# k/ j& Z* U基准线datum line
: Y0 H/ C1 v: K" I& w基准面datum plane e- @! | r* y6 M0 A
中心孔central hole8 F$ `8 B' g! p; f K
中心距center distance$ g9 Q' N8 Q, \& `
轴shaft, axle1 T* B4 N* A- J
孔hole
$ z) t) c4 d# M: v4 ]1 S7 t斜孔inclination7 ]* v5 A% U1 @3 {
装配图assembly drawing
6 Q* Q% g [# U9 N2 H性能尺寸characteristic dimension
# Z* M, y6 f' ^! F$ s! b大小尺寸size dimension
4 a* f n8 L n, M, w( [. _5 \2 n' g总体尺寸outer dimension
8 f: Q3 n$ @0 Q8 B外形尺寸
" V: U* S$ ]" V% b9 q# E配合尺寸fit dimension' o2 @# w/ H$ J" }. z
内圆角fillet
% j5 W" X2 M* b( |2 `外圆角round( G0 s x8 F6 N; I
尖角sharp corner
$ n9 s8 q, \. d/ t倒角chamfer" C9 B5 g- I H0 \8 c, J. u
轮缘flange of wheel
5 z2 g4 t) h' R$ c+ J. A缘、边、环rim+ \- P3 Q0 R, }7 |5 G
轴肩shoulder
4 S# t- _7 ?. [9 `4 o% q凸台boss1 D- S5 W( W, I2 S( ~2 s G6 W
凹坑concave pit: `, K' _* U8 x4 F; r0 p
轴颈shaft neck1 B0 ^! ?7 y& o3 k% H$ ?
轮毂hub
2 d5 _) n6 E& U5 L2 y) ^7 C轮辐spoke, spoke of wheel
$ v: ^$ K5 J# |: `4 N直纹滚花straight knurling s6 N& ^+ N, x- N& k, o; s: ~2 V+ ~- c3 H
网纹滚花hatching knurling
1 r$ @, b( h2 v0 o" Q键槽key-way
( m" x$ U: m" f退刀槽escape
) B- T N4 P, g5 z7 m, e1 e& e5 Z拔模斜度pattern draft. p' J7 t! }0 G4 L! R$ W9 g; |
填料盒gland box& z- G6 J! U9 O& W: p3 G; Z
油槽oil groove. J! @ n3 D& u
油封oil seal b$ X" F) u: q$ G! z9 d3 i
标准件standard parts0 A: w( m/ H, ~" d4 o6 _$ }
螺纹thread
! c% e- M; p7 F4 G外螺纹external thread3 `5 Y( P; f# l# {2 L% l$ W0 h
内螺纹internal thread$ h n% k$ k, Y, w$ c$ k( m
大径major diameter
" D% [% `# |$ i" p% p3 [9 S小径minor diameter
! O. T; V: z. ^; t; c7 T' s( u螺距pitch of thread
) c5 {( r, j; K6 K4 @" u牙型form of thread) V0 h: f/ \& ^9 \
旋向direction of turning
) W. Z" x- ^% e0 N1 }& i4 L右旋螺纹right-hand thread
& d8 P! T. o- a$ m. I左旋螺纹left-hand thread1 z' f0 g3 |0 _; Q4 _
头数number of thread
) g+ M a9 o! b W! [导程lead6 W9 Z4 e3 M S" O
粗牙coarse thread
+ M" u Y$ p5 f2 k细牙fin thread
& i+ Q) s m* M$ w$ N螺栓bolt
" H+ c5 }! p0 K. R+ i/ }* W螺钉screw* v9 g' @' n$ t* P5 N6 z
螺柱stud
, f) ]7 V6 z$ p螺母nut
* d7 Y6 E8 t4 ~# D6 ]垫片washer
, u7 U8 c9 h" F: r. t0 `+ P9 H' L公差tolerance
( k1 N2 m' [! _( _3 f* D公差带tolerance zone
8 y2 m8 X( Q1 r6 P零线zero line0 I3 u9 z/ o$ S
标准公差standard tolerance
5 u( E; r2 c9 J公差等级tolerance grade
5 _0 x. V% F0 t/ J" I) w基本偏差fundamental deviation! @7 i+ o5 {- @, G
配合fit
v+ r4 X: I* Q2 E* M间隙配合clearance fit3 k( S: r0 F9 W; q8 l
过盈interference; x( `9 ?& q# u4 k9 Q7 `0 ?" K" g: r4 ~
过盈配合interference fit
8 G' \1 s5 ^* w& B6 l: x过渡配合transition fit( `9 p6 |" c: P1 L3 N
基孔制hole-basic system of fits
. ]) Z* l! a5 v7 o# G+ @0 K6 E基轴制shaft-basic system of fits
o/ ]) n- B" I$ i间隙clearance
! e* F$ q) f: a; d形状公差tolerance in form, form tolerance
7 @0 \# @: f: P$ i/ r直线度straightness
2 V v! r H9 h! n" t* N0 C平面度flatness; i8 p! t# ]: j9 l; G9 W. U
圆度roundness
1 M: ^0 R) k, }/ T9 A: @" I% F. Z* `圆柱度cylindricity% Z# h, p; t8 k
线轮廓度profile of any line
/ s, [; Z8 l& G( _# t) X面轮廓度profile of any plane
+ b4 U: Z0 B- p# ?) P6 F位置公差tolerance in position, position tolerances
( v0 I* W( d+ f* H- A; R平行度 parallelism" F x$ h* b1 `! }! W9 f& m# i: Y
齿轮gear$ m) N j" F. }1 }; @# e. S
圆柱齿轮cylindrical gear
* N/ U# E) \; j) b' t; ]) E正齿轮spur gear5 X$ _4 {: q* q/ x
斜齿轮spiral gear, k. E3 p' `' ^! H! A0 Y. e
轮齿gear tooth
# o( y$ p! p4 _2 G7 n# j+ U* ~节圆pitch circle
0 }$ g# ` ?/ A+ ]2 l齿顶圆addendum circle, outside circle$ Y& K* }' E7 v/ E6 }8 n( C
齿根圆root circle, addendum circle
* f3 o5 l+ k* E0 Z5 |! U$ r模数modulus
- Y1 N% t; {% K$ k7 J齿数number of teeth
& I% N* s5 r# T, Q2 `5 Q齿高tooth height2 e1 a; `6 h* @, k; ~
齿顶高height of addendum# x: U- w6 K/ s( ~5 X
齿根高height of addendum/ s/ }* C. L9 h6 Z
齿厚circular thickness
. j6 L% g( l5 o+ |6 l9 t( W: Y齿间tooth space( M6 B1 F8 o" D! g/ Z/ {
齿宽tooth width, @- t& _1 K! z7 s" S# N
压力角angle of pressure
' O; j d( O8 S' ~8 J弹簧spring
0 d: Z" o# O0 b9 g: j销pin
: t3 X. {% ?7 ~! T/ ?; f; ^$ m圆柱销round pin
! l F! O5 Z: @* D8 [圆锥销taper pin2 ? h" ?. d; C) j' R; @: g8 r
开口销cotter pin, split
9 N5 o% k( A$ T' @9 i键key+ \" \" b8 g+ v7 c; P: w0 E% s6 s
平键flat key
$ |" B, R5 W! A, m半圆键half round key, woodruff key& [* o# `& x2 S* ? N% V
轴承bearing
2 O" {* r7 o$ K- s+ q% q滚动轴承rolling bearing
4 [9 l+ R7 N S' \向心铀承radial bearing& L: N$ n0 V4 F M$ i4 w3 `. c
密封装置sealing equipment
2 P7 G7 ^; h+ R* D* V锁紧装置locking equipment
9 x y. d1 o0 ?. L- `# U粗糙度roughness
- g) B3 O( z3 s1 F基本尺寸basic size' _! F! J0 ]$ e. P. `
实际尺寸actual size' H! b2 H# K- D3 s
极限尺寸limits size6 D! A. @. m+ w* p/ z
最大极限尺寸maximum limit of size+ {& z; ^$ G% T* f
最小极限尺寸minimum limit of size
8 R6 [: E7 w1 p4 I2 Z偏差deviation
! e- P+ _8 l. L3 z上偏差upper deviation
' v- ?3 K/ y8 t) m% N2 E: _% @+ Y& O下偏差lower deviation0 K) T4 _) l, E i
垂直度perpendicularity
0 ^. W& P m# k. x$ |. x; |4 D倾斜度angularity/ c$ a0 u$ b2 j4 a' D+ M2 y' A; V$ N
同轴度concentricity" `! f; M7 [' d2 v& h' U
对称度symmetry
; d9 U, c, r, _/ H) L2 z位置度true position& v, z5 a4 W8 {7 h
跳动run-out
& Y; t5 F9 _/ q& K/ h$ L* z% L圆跳动cycle run-out% w. B& [( O( o3 J7 m! o7 @
全跳动total run-out
: L: b- O% a& d$ p轴测投影axonometric projection2 M# ^( Z4 w6 p" y- q3 Z$ B
轴测投影面plane of axonometric projection
: F: h) Y# y8 _- u8 ^8 b# c: ?轴测图axonometric drawing2 c/ t& H: A8 g" H
正等轴测投影isometric projection& s4 z% O+ t) H
正二测bimetric projection
k) c! H$ ]; \# x& X斜二测oblique bimetric projection5 f9 f. h" ]6 j: u1 ~
轴测轴axonometric axis
/ y, _- X% {. s* v9 W9 e0 F轴间角axis angle, angle between ales
- n8 t/ U% {' g$ W% o; m i缩短foreshortened
4 X1 h. p6 g5 K) C O0 I0 d轴向缩短率coefficient of axial% V: Q4 ?1 B+ |0 _& K5 R
deformation ratio of" N1 D" e" o! o5 z$ [8 i
fore shortening for any axis8 p+ y9 q6 a2 }$ f
切割法cutting method, by cutting
! K' \! s. O2 n. p方箱法boxing method; y+ y1 i! O4 ]5 T' Z6 p
坐标法coordinate method5 l6 y: J3 ~% E; R I; {
方框法enclosing-square method
% M& k: d9 f9 V7 m四心近似法four-center approximate metho
发表于 2020-5-18 17:25:51
