物料科学
" v9 A1 u( n) k8 e" q6 R3 _Material Science
8 C7 S0 U0 f; H, u& V物料科学定义Material Science Definition! ~- _" R% a9 [0 a# K
加工性能
+ e* e& q$ ^' p. S- S# pMachinability
4 Y T. Y/ }: J强度
2 c- I; P! j: |+ _! VStrength
2 b; L) `* Y' ^* x9 d. m抗腐蚀及耐用
! S# ]: Y3 j9 ~1 X$ p% bCorrosion & resistance durability
+ o- y$ Z- C5 H6 g2 z金属特性1 v1 v5 a" P$ U, ^
Special metallic features
1 g6 X! x7 |) _$ r/ Q( H抗敏感及环境保护
! @) u- F+ {$ [7 P, S: l |7 ^/ nAllergic, re-cycling & environmental protection
- C5 l" i% I$ U: d5 j# f2 ~* a化学元素 8 h) ~1 _! y) L% Q3 ?/ l- ?& Z- I
Chemical element( J5 v% F7 X9 w0 c
元素的原子序数 & j2 @8 Q9 \4 }+ D
Atom of Elements' m2 u( C$ h' {; i5 s
原子及固体物质
7 T! v1 A) D% _6 t* `5 L4 ~, bAtom and solid material
7 b* m, x4 x! c0 R/ ^/ I( b原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表 : t& l1 p6 c" j7 i
The size, mass, charge of an atom, and is particles (Pronton,Nentron and Electron)
5 t* |( n3 Z* T ~; g8 h0 C! D' n原子的组织图
6 C3 q$ r3 B9 u3 y4 dAtom Constitutes
' p- V; e" c8 J/ |周期表
: g/ y/ f7 y6 ^ b. c' N- ZPeriodic Table : h; B0 W c9 t4 `5 d+ G
原子键结 ) b B3 ~* M" Q% |" m
Atom Bonding
- v! _& z; O3 u7 e6 S" i金属与合金 Metal and Alloy
/ \& n1 ?5 X2 p7 G: J- u* h铁及非铁金属
0 ~# c$ ^7 t, u% x9 z9 Q$ P. wFerrous & Non Ferrous Metal
0 _6 ]$ Q) x; i. h0 G% W$ S D: q金属的特性 8 r- e+ g! F4 |, K7 A- [
Features of Metal 3 z) C+ k3 S! ^. h* `; }
晶体结构 Crystal Pattern , G" R7 \% H$ W/ D P
晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格
4 ]' J; b& Z7 v6 oCrystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cell
" A0 Z' P8 g3 [( v( r8 G$ _5 Z- M: YX线结晶分析法
4 L# q3 h& c/ M* b3 K% X) h) KX – ray crystal analyics method 6 N7 |1 {: @' H. q1 o1 j8 V
金属结晶格子 Metal space lattice
4 B+ \! `% x! {( l/ J" \/ r格子常数 Lattice constant
, S9 G8 V0 C# Q2 `& N) L' I米勒指数 Mill's Index
) u* V( d, o# J/ k, c$ `" W金相及相律 Metal Phase and Phase Rule
7 ?& o7 I. I% w6 i) P: P4 Y" J; L. p固熔体 Solid solution
3 k7 K# S# o' ~2 `6 r置换型固熔体 Substitutional type solid solution
: [, g' {; K) }# e* A R插入型固熔体 Interstital solid solution
5 O1 L( M2 l' x# P& X金属间化物 Intermetallic compound
% L! Y% `$ {5 [$ D1 W9 l+ w金属变态
* o0 q( {" p5 [) LTransformation 0 j$ R5 Q" A" S9 H$ s
变态点 ' @9 W2 U. p7 a1 q4 n. x
Transformation Point7 W. D' w G% K
磁性变态
; u( Q* Q7 l1 `3 P2 sMagnetic Transformation* M$ `1 m, j1 [( p
同素变态- W3 b8 _0 J* l% a* h
Allotropic Transformation
, m( }( r- @ N9 w- [合金平衡状态
: ?+ y9 a; R: D3 Z' cThermal Equilibrium
% h4 R' P: @/ ^* l; N1 }, p相律& b5 |# e# K$ L# T& Q7 X
Phase Rule
- k+ t! F# x# I自由度
2 L' `. G$ n) Z7 b6 sDegree of freedom 1 Z) d. }7 v* O- E. ?) q' Z) n
临界温度
% e+ o6 Q0 J: z2 TCritical temperture
7 B4 {- a. L# C' ?共晶8 b+ m% R" @9 H8 {/ S- r
Eutectic 6 R4 x8 _3 J O9 {0 d- m$ ^
包晶温度 Peritectic Temperature
- k& E( i. a$ W# d包晶反应 Peritectic Reaction' K" Q# M! U+ ]2 p& ]* u
包晶合金 Peritectic Alloy1 D" U# s/ T5 {+ a& w" Y
亚共晶体 Hypoeutetic Alloy
/ Y, I; `. E8 N过共晶体 Hyper-ectectic Alloy4 d( a* E5 v; C$ e
金属的相融、相融温度、晶体反应及合金在共晶合金、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶反应的比较
# G, C! A* h8 K n3 }$ x5 uEquilibrium Comparision
9 k6 u% v9 c% [金属塑性 Plastic Deformation
- c0 T( u% o, I滑动面 Slip Plan6 C9 k4 q% W- i/ {- d0 B( L
畸变 Distortion
6 E6 C; X4 Q. U6 m5 {9 O硬化 Work Hardening8 }; ^- M, K8 c+ D; [ g
退火 Annealing
. O/ b$ T8 U. ]) n回复柔软 Crystal Recovery
- L# X& F0 v0 a再结晶 Recrystallization
+ O' S5 u/ R9 A" {2 M! d3 I' E! _2 ?金属材料的性能及试验
6 d/ a, D8 c7 P2 iProperties & testing of metal
; L. y' a9 J! \化学性能
" S3 O2 i( j F& @" uChemical Properties7 x8 ]. k0 ~- f7 O' T* ^
物理性能 y. h3 d2 D x {
Physical Properties
8 i6 G* t5 k7 i8 S: J5 [颜色
9 @( }. t8 X8 i HColour
* }' O4 ^ L4 d. H/ Z" ^8 S' U8 D! s磁性
9 Q5 v- [2 I- l6 \1 GMagnetisum
' T% P: n& q, c8 ?比电阻 6 f; A9 U1 G" n& ~
Specific resistivity & specific resistance & f7 C, C- K S1 t! l# C& b
比重
/ m" N' T! Q& L) X% v& f% ySpecific gravity & specific density
, J6 [( w; |% `& A5 Y, b, E比热
9 M7 k. v; ]& n# _8 L4 nSpecific Heat7 R4 }; i$ s3 A4 n: E
热膨胀系数 . F6 {& h4 c5 A7 d1 L) t( N8 O1 x
Coefficient of thermal expansion 9 X2 @3 X k$ T0 y! {9 c
导热度
0 \* |4 L/ b7 x8 e7 Y( A* W b* RHeat conductivity - b1 o* k- P7 C) P
机械性能 Mechanical properties& ^. p* T( O( ^( \3 ^) o+ u
屈服强度(降伏强度) (Yield strangth)" ~8 X* W ]' d- |; m
弹性限度、阳氏弹性系数及屈服点 % w9 h; s8 |9 ~/ T ]( { D+ h
elastic limit, Yeung's module of elasticity to yield point 3 X$ u; S% `5 J% P) L
伸长度
1 j7 Q- }- ~6 {4 }Elongation
: ~6 \+ ` }3 _8 H) ]$ z1 N% m) d断面缩率2 e% r) g6 ]- J/ v4 v2 s
Reduction of area( [# a( e2 f* j; O3 l& s7 P s
金属材料的试验方法9 ]9 _) X! C! `# v7 Z* J& U& f
The Method of Metal inspection 3 ]" ]4 m+ |2 s+ B1 u$ c/ V) |
不破坏检验
3 ], m. ?# m; R6 { i/ sNon – destructive inspections
/ ~; X6 W' `. N5 }& ]/ a渗透探伤法
# f& R, a: k7 A" \Penetrate inspection : R3 {' D7 ~: z- t
磁粉探伤法
2 P8 S9 e* ~( C; _Magnetic particle inspection# m0 x `0 L6 @4 w
放射线探伤法0 x: D1 u( d; R! n! r- d, v7 k
Radiographic inspection
! L0 [# _2 v3 i/ t8 T# Y/ D超声波探伤法
9 t) q: y' V# _$ L& f0 v' z4 dUltrasonic inspection
1 A' m0 i3 W& r显微观察法
% E% N% ?8 ^9 n8 Z( \ ~Microscopic inspection
0 ]2 e8 U8 k, u" v" I/ i破坏的检验
0 m2 g% V) I3 [# X. nDestructive Inspection
7 P: t$ C% |6 k; t% ^4 `冲击测试
2 ^9 U, p; [, V* u6 bImpact Test
1 u2 f3 i& g" K" f疲劳测试 ( B% h: F1 R7 a5 p: B! ^' C; ~
Fatigue Test, ~5 A, D: T" _3 F( I
潜变测试 Creep Test5 o0 @( w( o! G. y& N
潜变强度+ u3 n7 G7 R, w' K
Creeps Strength & D3 j9 i) D& \6 O3 B' [5 ?
第壹潜变期 ; a+ ^- R# P9 ? H9 n0 ?" H4 c6 v
Primary Creep
( x8 B; A# \: c: A第二潜变期1 q" |9 i, ^& I2 x, f
Secondary Creep
" W3 b7 k8 k4 r* J" r. O' _第三潜变期
- s" ~9 U' C9 m* C7 F# VTertiary Creep
) @8 ^% U8 y7 k* z5 g* O- p主要金属元素之物理性质
2 s A7 x0 f8 C. YPhysical properties of major Metal Elements
* ]8 a3 w; ?) \3 l( ~9 J/ p工业标准及规格 – 铁及非铁金属 ) c- [# O" g: O- a# v; z3 ^; U0 D& T
Industrial Standard – Ferrous & Non – ferrous Metal 5 x! U+ M. [7 T0 {0 V4 C
磁力 Magnetic
' i$ _9 h% u: m" y: X0 Z% g简介 General
& C' H" I# ]8 H% {9 S软磁 Soft Magnetic
2 b- V4 j* {! t% B' d+ H硬磁 Hard Magnetic
% b1 n+ L! s7 B* P6 w磁场 Magnetic Field5 m3 w$ `% a7 ~, F+ N8 @" L, j
磁性感应 Magnetic Induction
+ l/ [9 B/ d" x5 m7 Q- S! k% q% c" y9 G透磁度 Magnetic Permeability
- |$ w e. S, a1 s* ^: J" E) s3 I磁化率 Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm)
/ ^, ]; c" G2 z磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁场(Magnetic Field)是因物料里的电子(Electron)活动而产生 2 L2 ]& b8 {- R6 P/ s$ h- d
抗磁体、顺磁体、铁磁体、反铁磁体及亚铁磁体
0 i, {/ \$ Q* S5 @+ L- Z+ vDiamagnetism, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetism,Antiferromagnetism & Ferrimagnetism . @$ F/ C* ?4 O0 M5 x0 X1 t
抗磁体 Diamagnetism/ _' y, s) R G% D
磁偶极子 Dipole/ B& [% `6 i: B! @1 g: n
负磁力效应 Negative effect$ y4 ~* w% e1 d9 u8 @
顺磁体 Paramagnetic. H' ~) N4 ? c3 E( X: T
正磁化率 Positive magnetic susceptibility
# X: A k% C {* O" Z铁磁体 Ferromagnetism 1 D: L& M, ~' o; N) |
转变元素 Transition element. i) _& ^- h% O
交换能量 Positive energy exchange% o% b- C, {! m7 }, t6 o
外价电子 Outer valence electrons
3 ]' y' v$ S3 S. E5 L9 V化学结合 Chemical bond q( u4 L# I) d
自发上磁 Spontaneous magnetization; h# ]+ l3 Y! w0 {" m9 u
磁畴 Magnetic domain
5 t* f9 a7 G) w; L+ V# B相反旋转 Opposite span3 N# x# S7 }1 ~+ J" U; u9 Y( O5 ~3 V
比较抗磁体、顺磁体及铁磁体
3 v! a' U* g# p7 ^% q! `Comparison of Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism ) s; E6 d) L0 E/ ^% u$ n
反铁磁体 Antiferromagnetism
$ r8 @: B6 F- R& O亚铁磁体 Ferrimagnetism
: k0 P6 k1 J a- l h! Q磁矩 magnetic moment
* Q( R; B/ ?: M. R4 Y净磁矩 Net magnetic moment
/ e; ]! s( o' D8 i钢铁的主要成份. W2 [( ~) ^- r8 I$ w
The major element of steel * y: @: c9 O% C# _
钢铁用"碳"之含量来分类" u4 \# [, e7 X2 I
Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents5 t) M* D( v2 a2 o$ I2 K
铁相
7 a( I, t9 W2 o$ c% dSteel Phases( _1 c, {' i- u7 E" h3 @5 `, p
钢铁的名称
+ Q$ b, m* t* _/ Z8 O* z3 UName of steel
4 i K6 B% n- b/ i7 i纯铁体! z) `, W8 B4 M5 v- ?9 ~& u
Ferrite
. |1 c9 E" b% }% k3 i渗碳体: q* H0 q- Q2 r/ j* D4 G0 `9 L$ \
Cementitle1 e0 f. n4 }: ?* L/ |- L
奥氏体 Austenite
; t7 T% N. l# u5 A) p8 j! a珠光体及共释钢 ! s' ~; _% j, o, G7 K
Pearlite &Eutectoid
8 X4 b7 h, M; j4 s奥氏体碳钢
* {' M' Q9 ^& R- p2 {Austenite Carbon Steel
; w) F, X! u- o2 ]单相金属
' v: w' j4 Q. V" WSingle Phase Metal
) k; X0 n' k* Q! G# v& }共释变态
9 ]8 P1 ?7 i3 S; x" X, GEutectoid Transformation L* x/ Q S) w5 ?% Y; @* r
珠光体 Pearlite
, a' j8 {9 ]: {: p亚铁释体 ! C4 e5 Q: X+ U O _$ O: k
Hyppo-Eutectoid
?/ s% L5 }' c0 I7 o初释纯铁体 Pro-entectoid ferrite
6 a2 X, v: Z; `5 h过共释钢 Hype-eutectoid $ `0 w) P" C# Z- `! J4 |/ D
珠光体 ' N7 v' T L$ {9 L& N* F* ^
Pearlite ; a* [9 ^ d' F; U5 w! \5 L: }
粗珠光体 Coarse pearlite
+ Q* z" G, T( K7 T8 X, L+ y中珠光体 Medium pearlite7 T' Q/ m: A) v8 y! J, {& f
幼珠光体 Fine pearlite
D/ L& F2 Z' F- H6 }磁性变态点 Magnetic Transformation
# C4 y+ f( A W3 W" H: D! A, d8 w- V钢铁的制造
4 H/ T+ Y9 F1 W$ z' C; PManufacturing of Steel
, v* M: h( |1 `/ S# G( Q2 {! p! E' @连续铸造法 Continuous casting process
5 p Q1 X3 B6 Z* }& C电炉 Electric furnace* V4 S) |; R7 y1 u/ G, B
均热炉 Soaking pit
8 k1 ^( V; M, F1 z7 M! W0 _6 @全静钢 Killed steel
w( V2 [ N. y* j半静钢 Semi-killed steel4 H9 U- Y8 \" N* ?: g
沸腾钢(未净钢) Rimmed steel6 Q% K& X. W3 i L0 N
钢铁生产流程 Steel Production Flow Chart
5 L: B* B% v4 ~: w钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧! ?' Y, }* w& _7 e" x: R: D ?' d
The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel
E( O$ S, o) O8 f7 F熔铸 Casting
, {9 n: m7 q$ y; q" A) p7 H锻造 Fogging
5 L; Y J' T. s" ~) o2 s9 S挤压 Extrusion
+ I9 a! m4 L" `) X n& e$ t; H延轧 Rolling# j u+ F" i; Y2 }$ S
冲剪 Drawing & stamping0 M2 `* A7 F* y$ [4 R3 s# |1 e+ B
特殊钢 Special Steel7 @/ q0 V9 B# A5 d# Z
简介 I: O2 ~0 Q+ d h M2 i" c# V# }
General% r8 _0 w) M* e0 y
特殊钢以原素分类 % \/ Y: Y( E% D; P& z" G
Classification of Special Steel according to Element , p8 o; W& i3 q( l8 \: }
特殊钢以用途来分类 - m- E6 i, P1 r( }
Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage
) S" G* n2 l0 b, w9 b易车(快削)不锈钢
0 q8 p: P! |0 O6 ZFree Cutting Stainless Steel
5 Y; I& n$ E7 [% n5 D# a含铅易车钢 / ~" B7 [: e$ m) s
Leaded Free Cutting Steel
7 O6 G( M" O% M' p# B' |! s# g% h含硫易车钢 3 |4 Z* ` ?8 H9 x5 x1 s. A
Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel 6 P) B0 Y" `3 L; o7 N3 ]
硬化性能
' P6 K+ D, x/ M, @Hardenability
7 m: y, `( z# ~6 Z, }9 }钢的脆性
# O7 s) I" w; d$ U3 ABrittleness of Steel
2 ~6 p' f0 {$ Y0 N" Z Z. r低温脆性 Cold brittleness
/ z9 B2 |( E7 n回火脆性 Temper brittleness
: b; s4 k5 W% O3 n日工标准下的特殊钢材6 |+ J) j( S/ o Q! W. i
Specail Steel according to JIS Standard : Q9 g& q. S8 S2 q k: ~' g2 u
铬钢 – 日工标准 JIS G4104% D# k) F* k% }4 N! l7 e6 l$ R' c
Chrome steel to JIS G4104 6 M1 H( L, W8 T& ]
铬钼钢钢材 – 日工标准 G4105 62
0 U4 I; ~! t' [/ u4 H1 mChrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105
: Q- \) V, w% o4 h镍铬 – 日工标准 G4102 63
4 X: p$ `% ~# [+ QChrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102 # _0 [, A9 A& [* j
镍铬钼钢 – 日工标准 G4103 642 M( p# x' f6 y$ R: b
Nickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103 8 m8 ]' N: G% ?" b- \2 P1 L* m& W
高锰钢铸 – 日工标准. @! V0 Z% J7 z! Q" Q3 z1 ]
High manganese steel to JIS standard
& y1 x8 w; Q d4 }. t) @片及板材
( E" R* _5 }$ E6 ~2 [. IChapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate& y3 t* ?( G8 H3 M5 j9 {9 e' B
冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)(日工标准 JIS G3141) 73 - 95% P* n. Z9 z5 H/ _
Cold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141)0 [1 l @8 Y0 j8 }
简介0 E4 x6 {5 ]# i4 C6 m" I& f q
General
6 h2 q/ p0 ^0 r- t/ j$ C( p美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢片
/ |. j+ N8 @9 H- y9 H( c! c9 B( gCold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard – American Society for testing and materials (ASTM) 6 g- f; y: \8 t8 ], c- W
日工标准JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)的编号浅释
; V7 b9 L; w# }, fDecoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141
/ w' C) A( ?7 r# f5 A材料的加工性能 Drawing abillity, w5 `% F7 h2 [% }% m; V# O& x
硬度 Hardness
+ s: z$ u( i# A6 R表面处理 Surface finish
9 _( O' A. M7 j冷辘钢捆片及张片制作流程图表
/ \2 E9 p& r7 d2 rProduction flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet
6 r" ^9 \6 C3 C: F1 I1 r5 j; s冷辘钢捆片及张片的电镀和印刷方法- H/ X" E6 d0 E/ u2 n% X" c) ~! v
Cold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method
) v$ z- o+ P" o1 P; w8 G f g7 q' P冷辘(低碳)钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表8 r5 ]3 D& M! j4 h" Q$ u
End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip 7 H3 b/ ~; B$ _/ w, J! `
硬度及拉力 Hardness & Tensile strength test
* N0 C: d, v7 g3 s$ `5 r/ J拉伸测试(顺纹测试)
2 U9 M& ^/ o% i0 B! ~Elongation test
; {2 J5 o' Z4 h0 g, j" ~4 T杯突测试(厚度: 0.4公厘至1.6公厘，准确至0.1公厘 3个试片平均数): F6 X6 R0 V1 `% h1 |( h8 \
Erichsen test (Thickness: 0.4mm to 1.6mm, figure round up to 0.1mm)
r; Z' I2 a6 Z; q5 N4 A7 y曲面(假曲率) |
发表于 2008-2-21 13:22:32
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