投影 projection
' q; V. ^% k6 l* Q投影中心center of projection
; X3 w7 F' S G* E. R! B/ G投影面projecting plane
J1 Y# b( e$ _6 P( Z投影线projecting line6 _$ G4 H* |+ X
中心投影法perspective projection
* c' J6 A2 Z4 @# M0 y5 d5 ]0 f平行投影法parallel projection
: w4 f+ `3 t8 }斜投影oblique projection# D1 ]$ \7 x: s6 D& r3 Z6 r5 A
正投影orthographic projection: L- z" s+ i# I- Y T$ F' e, M
正投影面frontal plane of projection
" A. _% b7 j* `0 q1 O. s$ J5 h侧面投影面profile plane of projection$ [" ?% x( b0 n" w6 p
投影图projection drawing$ \- O( z ` Z6 _4 I$ P( R( O \! c! d
三面投影图three-plane projection drawing4 l: V0 Z! d2 _ C) d
投影轴axis of projection
. A' o2 B" n1 Z投影特性characteristic of projection
' A2 T2 Y- M$ i# V不变性characteristic of true
) H( L9 ]$ J0 T; q8 E积聚性characteristic of concentration
7 k8 j, Y3 A" i0 I) P类似性characteristic of similarity
) P; g* N% U" b: _" f% m$ j5 g视图view
( i$ r* I6 X, T' w9 e三视图three-view drawing
8 } C2 O# C& a正面frontal plane
; z5 W$ S/ ]* s) s0 Y0 Y+ b正面投影frontal projection' w5 w5 V$ T9 A M9 \
水平面horizontal plane( |9 m3 Z' i( J" E1 j) o
水平投影horizontal projection# M' Q% S2 g7 u4 ^$ E/ g, F# _
侧面profile plane$ e- h I5 e9 L6 I. F0 z
侧面投影profile projection" u1 d' V7 X5 G. U6 I+ b
主视图frontal view0 y7 N. f& w0 L7 V1 F+ @/ y/ t
俯视图top view9 w1 p0 R( N- r) b5 A4 c4 c. R
左视图left side view
: W4 C8 Q3 h) o& |( ?* }0 F2 n立体solid
% f- T; g* }' g6 G* n! m* d平面立体plane body
. R9 C) q e) T0 p! d5 V( U: V2 A. C/ o曲面立体body of curved surface6 {! D/ r0 C" T1 A2 [& R1 N9 d
回转面surface of revolution
* q8 h- p0 }/ o% y. r2 n9 m棱柱prism
3 e$ @' @% c. J* A, w棱锥pyramid
3 f7 a3 H: K) j7 o) R( f边side; L9 ^7 Z' L$ l1 f, Q
顶点center vertex
* R8 _5 `! l8 q$ C棱edge
7 E& F/ R6 b: i- W/ Y3 a- @点point* y' t( K, q: C5 V6 N
直线line straight line
* q* \. R' g% b/ e" k8 U) |棱锥台truncated pyramid
1 N( T7 g; }. D1 ?, T6 afrustum of pyramid) E/ P$ N1 @5 r) C, L& y
重影coincidence of projection
" l" [$ a0 D' K积聚concentrate
# U# m5 L9 u$ ?4 ?) {2 ^. s变形deformation
1 n# x3 [' c0 f$ e6 B7 y9 c& O实长true length
# E+ D( y; P( R% D实形true shape( | v% \. g# J( _0 e
正平线frontal line
# y& L5 q& {* w- x水平线horizontal line1 B( y3 M! T" t' v2 X' q: M
侧平线profile line% d; ^0 j3 r5 D! B# K+ L0 g
一般位置直线oblique line
) p6 U& Y6 {5 ~9 S0 a铅垂线vertical line, frontal-profile line
Y& Z) r) [3 c, }$ a正垂线horizontal--profile line
! p3 j" L! }1 S5 q7 a2 j侧垂线frontal-horizontal line# Z- S! {- p9 ]. M9 J: X
一般位置平面oblique plane
1 F9 K* E8 \9 u相交intersection
, o; ^- K `" U2 r& e& t平行parallel
1 w; z& m) T- r% U垂直perpendicular
. B$ u* a6 z5 }交线intersecting line, line of intersection( L/ W& r& J( X6 }0 o N
交点point of intersection
- h2 A8 R, N$ _% o7 D' P5 P平行线parallel line, }& m. V0 L6 _
垂直线perpendicular line
+ Q q9 u4 L/ J- C$ o交叉线skew line9 i0 r C6 w3 _9 i) N; Z
长度length
3 Q0 m5 {7 b6 c7 R宽度width! o, y( Z1 j# G$ u
高度height
/ |. N, l; {. D' Q: R% m9 t' g. y) U1 |组合体complex
' r; p& @( u, t基本几何体basic body6 K2 N" t z4 l) Y
相接built-up
' `( v! w- _" Y) f相交inter section7 Q1 p% A) n+ A3 G& l
相切tangent
2 C2 f) ]! s3 ^! }3 H6 t+ f相贯penetration) e/ v- c5 |* ^8 | V
支架brace7 R4 e; G6 `+ C8 f2 I( j
底板bottom board! v+ ]" L1 J0 p" q. f+ ]
肋rib% ~0 X2 W' d2 e6 E
支承板bearing plate* M3 p( a" f: r% |- p1 `# M& |
轮廓线outline, contour line
# A& |. \ H; \; m. X底图traced drawing# x" V; b2 t" j3 Z3 T# p3 N P
截平面cutting plane
+ Q5 P J7 S8 j2 x截交线line of section& v+ w, P \# n+ K( Z2 F4 f2 {
二重性dual nature7 u& h4 Z- R0 m' {% ]" z. c
平面曲线plane curve6 R& x/ {& w. F" N5 q: K5 E
圆弧arc
' ?9 F% }) k9 D. Q椭圆ellipse
5 |, ]8 Q3 {) k2 u" t长轴major axis
4 i$ ~9 A8 l9 A. `/ r短轴minor axis; g, C% t0 r! e) l t9 R
双曲线hyperbola$ p9 _; |7 X( D- H( H# i
抛物线parabola5 W2 o, H5 }% w& i
圆circle; P {- Z* \! Y' y O g) K
圆锥顶conic apex
" H- Y: s1 w6 E8 T相贯体intersecting bodies
+ o' l$ o% A+ L1 v0 `; i" V相贯线line of intersection6 p# x+ v. |& ]
空间曲线space curve
4 e S b/ U: V2 Q g! c; u- R截平面方法cutting plane method# g& J, j$ p+ k
辅助面auxiliary surface
. m) g% }: l+ `$ B2 y' A7 ~0 g4 ]# J" i辅助平面auxiliary plane( m0 H' Q0 G# E8 C; k
最高点culminating point
( f8 B6 Z6 b3 D0 E7 R2 ^尺寸Size
4 J' j) K( n$ b3 _, Z: P Q定形尺寸size dimension
, O9 h2 `: @# u5 T3 N定位尺寸location dimension) S: `: I& I+ \& t
左视图right view
$ V% u3 N9 F2 U) V后视图rear view, back view
5 ?& {* H% K6 A5 O5 S) K! h& b3 U仰视图bottom view# w3 N. x% X k: _1 ?8 q
辅助图auxiliary view ~8 B. o# m& _
局部视图partial view, broken view) j2 M0 H" @. B, w
斜视图oblique view$ L: U: }/ p& @, }4 T5 b5 E
旋转视图revolved view, aligned view7 a6 g+ r }) P+ f# \1 ~1 t8 C
剖视图sectional view, section
/ |, j% X9 @; b! z全剖视full section* P/ Z5 e( E! a' D
半剖视half section
/ u, c, j( p/ d3 V6 ^/ m局部剖视图partial section, broken-out section
1 C' ?" B( ]' q+ Y斜剖视图oblique section
; u" \& ~8 n- V+ f( j2 a- H. p旋转剖视图aligned section7 A0 j7 t* i' ? Q) Z
阶梯剖视echelon section, offset section
1 N# R7 u, v _' y C复合剖视compound section3 H9 P0 d( A" \) y2 G
剖面图section, sectional view A; K( L. m9 D9 E5 ~2 x; X
重合剖面coincide section, revolved section
: }1 Q" q1 C" A' \移出剖面removed section; s' V j% |% t% T: W, d
剖面线section line
& x. W+ Q2 Z. D剖面符号symbols for section-lining6 o6 i! b. W+ ~2 x* A l
习惯画法conventional drawing
! J& M- B, W$ R% l( G( u/ R$ x局部放大图 drawing of partial enlargement
6 y8 ~' F. K' }0 x8 A' U" \3 _零件图detail drawing, working drawing" }+ n- }% ~" y; ~
第三角投影third angle projection1 `0 X+ P- D& g i1 f/ U
粗实线continuous thick line, full line, visible line
, G- J7 x) N6 S+ u _细实线continuous thin line5 ~& |$ K Y0 G4 Y1 t
虚线dot line, dashed line, hidden line
' K2 j& f5 a4 k' z点划线dash and dot line
* f* a3 i3 J. n$ L# b' d双点划线double dots line6 E5 s1 ]$ f. ^1 _
波浪线break line
9 M# B9 E! f- `% \" z断裂线
& i5 g3 B. H3 R剖切平面迹线cutting plane line+ V/ |3 ^; K# |$ u* \, J
尺寸线dimension line$ S0 Z4 I! ~( |8 C" F9 b9 v+ p
尺寸界线extension tine$ C) d W( z( u7 g# M
尺寸dimension size; s, e" g2 F3 E9 r# L
箭头arrowhead+ H8 z5 Y& k& H' H% t
基准datum2 H1 x1 Y9 L- ~
基准线datum line
( H! x& a: D, z N6 y% b基准面datum plane* V/ b- u9 O' {' f2 g8 W$ p
中心孔central hole
* ]" {6 j# ?4 a4 I$ h+ f: {) i4 D中心距center distance
( U2 V; o& C0 e- `轴shaft, axle8 j$ t% ^8 u. H( @
孔hole1 M, X' O" p; Z. M4 ?# W- F
斜孔inclination
% }2 V, O; A; u装配图assembly drawing
% U4 r% d6 ` _7 i性能尺寸characteristic dimension r$ z/ Y; V+ U6 M& M
大小尺寸size dimension
, t: ~+ t) ~1 K! l* s总体尺寸outer dimension! X( |; |3 c7 C3 d
外形尺寸% c5 J {/ \, [% L/ E" V m* q
配合尺寸fit dimension3 w8 f; p/ h0 O% K! c' p
内圆角fillet
1 Y4 s$ t( x A# V4 d* W% C外圆角round- `& o8 ~3 X: Z0 x/ H9 c8 @
尖角sharp corner
* a$ ~7 t& Z; P- g# ^倒角chamfer: j1 Q) s' X W1 f8 j; K1 {
轮缘flange of wheel" D7 I0 D/ `' ~
缘、边、环rim
& ?& d0 j9 F ]+ A9 p轴肩shoulder
6 o" x* T, ~6 j9 L; g凸台boss
( h1 `6 L+ @+ u6 V& e凹坑concave pit, ` @: P- {" L1 S6 o
轴颈shaft neck
1 F9 U/ q7 i! V2 x) g+ n5 g! n轮毂hub0 V7 B/ K& A0 e
轮辐spoke, spoke of wheel
9 K2 ?/ X' e" P) O. |直纹滚花straight knurling s( t: ] o9 d3 N1 ]! j C
网纹滚花hatching knurling
U O" V. t5 q/ R- h8 X键槽key-way; e; ]. C( S2 N6 ?8 r
退刀槽escape u$ K( d& l/ _2 u# A% W
拔模斜度pattern draft
. G9 T8 R9 o. @+ ~填料盒gland box* @! u7 A9 {& L& p& ?* g6 ` I2 }
油槽oil groove6 r4 g5 {, W" @, @
油封oil seal
! j+ O- U, ]6 ]6 Y标准件standard parts
. t4 T/ }5 [* s螺纹thread D( q( ]6 ]5 v' o. a6 i1 U
外螺纹external thread
& ]+ a: j, [7 w( z6 q内螺纹internal thread
, M+ f$ M( P# I3 X大径major diameter
0 e, H- A: _, G2 Q& n* @; x小径minor diameter
: n7 n j# q' c0 {) J螺距pitch of thread
. q) s/ [! u. M$ Z* U# @牙型form of thread
) o9 x: s8 ^( M, }% e3 R旋向direction of turning: Y J5 q. A% @) \1 _; u
右旋螺纹right-hand thread
- L2 e9 l2 v s. X2 e6 D5 s左旋螺纹left-hand thread
3 e& @+ T+ I- H+ V: A头数number of thread6 s& K( Y- O6 ?) _8 U6 Z
导程lead
2 P! t1 `: l3 U( C8 P% ]粗牙coarse thread
! ]2 R1 W' x) p4 Q, C细牙fin thread( m! S( }' S, V
螺栓bolt
* q/ Q$ ?( v3 n4 y) b7 c螺钉screw
# V8 W& i1 X! g; E螺柱stud3 Y o) `6 Y6 B& v) m
螺母nut
, Y8 z8 M0 L" A9 B: X( Z( J# }1 i" u垫片washer
- g; |) S6 J& c5 B1 K公差tolerance
+ B" G. K9 q O+ U公差带tolerance zone
@: d- k0 p; [+ s3 ?0 J5 i零线zero line# Y, k! ] e+ J1 Q' n+ R& J. _
标准公差standard tolerance' s, g# ^( k' D" Y: Q
公差等级tolerance grade
0 E5 u% F. e$ S& {: o' a4 M基本偏差fundamental deviation
$ F; u' ]4 d2 t5 F6 E配合fit6 P$ T) K9 v+ D1 ^ n
间隙配合clearance fit5 P2 d O. w4 W$ {2 m% O4 o
过盈interference
! ` n/ G# F6 K' b0 \" G' {) K过盈配合interference fit. Z6 e! u0 W, N# s
过渡配合transition fit
$ `2 c* G. z! R基孔制hole-basic system of fits 7 a' M( K! ~' s" z# x# [
基轴制shaft-basic system of fits; G. D' v1 C* q2 T
间隙clearance
' S% v8 k$ K& Z- @形状公差tolerance in form, form tolerance0 o# X' R7 ^- r4 K
直线度straightness
: y" Z; b' d! m* r4 O& Y' X3 E平面度flatness: ]; c& f$ J$ n& x0 t6 c6 R1 v/ ^
圆度roundness
V: E, T* P; ]) [) q1 i圆柱度cylindricity
' c, |- ~. ] b6 q5 o: c) F线轮廓度profile of any line3 S+ t% w6 R9 s! S
面轮廓度profile of any plane
% P7 {# p3 R: m' Y7 \2 K+ i位置公差tolerance in position, position tolerances
: d+ S( I. X: R% S* h! R平行度 parallelism/ |0 P9 i3 f. Y$ e3 h [
齿轮gear- C3 G1 ?4 z2 {; [
圆柱齿轮cylindrical gear
8 I% U8 @1 p/ ?& J2 b正齿轮spur gear# e9 s2 M7 L0 U& v6 Z5 n3 g
斜齿轮spiral gear
0 m# O& Q- B% U. q# q; @3 W' M% f. D轮齿gear tooth$ a* z. |! \- n1 L& C/ i5 t* L9 r
节圆pitch circle3 @; z. M2 G0 ?5 h" Z) o
齿顶圆addendum circle, outside circle1 t" B6 w" v2 f1 f: L" F
齿根圆root circle, addendum circle
" d; ^* j! J8 y8 [; o' e s# T模数modulus: n. T# U% u- D! D/ T9 N
齿数number of teeth2 w5 m. [* F# y0 w5 }
齿高tooth height
. I' L# O# O6 T" }齿顶高height of addendum
$ T+ [& {7 s1 Q8 ^% C. ^+ u/ j齿根高height of addendum
8 t$ M2 N: q. C, F齿厚circular thickness
0 u# Q; I4 I; N9 D齿间tooth space. S9 A$ p& L" l* W4 w
齿宽tooth width
) y& S O/ p2 V a# _; P# `压力角angle of pressure2 [ T9 k2 N' C$ L9 w) |7 t
弹簧spring) B8 |3 l: x3 ]8 `
销pin
! w4 o3 Q7 ^ v2 \$ L圆柱销round pin
+ b, S& Z L, b圆锥销taper pin( D; d" X, u. s
开口销cotter pin, split* ]" M p" I. v! p- d# k9 q1 d* o
键key7 U+ D9 F( b; j0 n; D
平键flat key
! y9 J: } X5 r" @) g0 G2 f半圆键half round key, woodruff key
) L X3 ~) Y! p轴承bearing ?7 k/ r9 g) v: _3 s9 G
滚动轴承rolling bearing" r' a' d7 [/ y, H+ d
向心铀承radial bearing
0 M2 y+ Z! B/ D( Y5 p密封装置sealing equipment
F Y: O; ?" O0 [& |锁紧装置locking equipment
( b2 N3 W0 F2 @- Q. O粗糙度roughness: m7 h" R0 o+ h7 e
基本尺寸basic size4 o+ A* d, M% V, V
实际尺寸actual size
! w2 C" |" Q. }极限尺寸limits size8 [0 B. f% G1 I8 v
最大极限尺寸maximum limit of size
- V( z) t' f4 o8 T( v& m# O最小极限尺寸minimum limit of size
6 ~6 s: y! G& a5 a1 R% A9 V偏差deviation$ P, S% P9 T% y0 q2 o& u- [' w
上偏差upper deviation
- n& J8 I0 A* p, Q7 v; L& p下偏差lower deviation
# d c. {* s5 j1 B" ?0 Q7 u垂直度perpendicularity
8 j7 S- R# b" c0 `; z7 s0 A9 W0 r倾斜度angularity! o4 U. W9 Q4 m/ w
同轴度concentricity
9 H0 z6 Y z2 Y. ^% @* D% \对称度symmetry! r7 H, q9 ^8 |: ^) p
位置度true position1 u; h% `; C/ E1 B' a( r
跳动run-out, E! F, ]& ^" A9 ~7 R7 n
圆跳动cycle run-out0 \5 Z# A% O% k7 r
全跳动total run-out
% U! B. s! b# I% ]轴测投影axonometric projection
- m. `6 E3 z% p# i9 B- t# X9 Z# e _轴测投影面plane of axonometric projection
$ b6 ^+ w3 M; r: x# V' F5 O轴测图axonometric drawing
: z( G# A& _4 _! W8 J正等轴测投影isometric projection( a. c; i/ @2 y2 [* I
正二测bimetric projection
! \% H' C' C! }, u( \* p% ~斜二测oblique bimetric projection
9 G. k% j O; i( R$ n轴测轴axonometric axis" Y7 O$ H) W( J2 @
轴间角axis angle, angle between ales, \- l& ^4 C5 X# v
缩短foreshortened; `: \, n3 Y' a9 X9 T5 [
轴向缩短率coefficient of axial
* V7 z. K K% J' _0 b udeformation ratio of$ q* s$ f" v. p0 `* ^# c8 k. ~
fore shortening for any axis5 V& |* Y+ t# d5 {
切割法cutting method, by cutting
/ q, d/ _% a5 D' i( e: }$ q- q" O方箱法boxing method
) C; ~, I8 {9 g' o( e坐标法coordinate method
4 s) c$ k3 H6 |( j7 p( E! U方框法enclosing-square method* p5 }3 W& n9 ~6 e
四心近似法four-center approximate metho
发表于 2020-5-18 17:25:51
