sleepingcat 发表于 2006-7-23 14:03:51

粉末冶金技术发展动向

<!--StartFragment -->&nbsp;
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">粉末冶金制品工业是一个高、新技术产业新材料、新工艺、新装备层出不穷，瞬息万变，当前正在致力于研究与开发将铁基粉末冶金零件的密度提高到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>7.6g/cm3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的制造技术和粉末原料，预计</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2010</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">年以前这个目标可以实现。实际上，现在些粉未冶金零件的密度己达到了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>7.5g/cm3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，例如法国</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Sintertech</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">生产的同步器环。当前值得注意的一些技术发展动向是：温压、模壁润滑、高温烧结、金属注射成形、烧结硬化及软磁复合材料等。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对粉末冶金机械零件行业而言，进入九十年代以来</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">温压是最重要的技术进展之一。据瑞典赫格纳斯公司估计</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(1)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，全世界用温压生产的粉末冶金零件己有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>38</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">种，生产线共有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">条，还有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">多家公司正在进行试验</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">见表</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。温压的可能用途见表</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。实际上，现在用温压生产的粉末冶金零件远比表</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">中所列者多。如上所述，台湾保来得公司就己用温压生产</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>40</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">多种零件了。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">表一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1996</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">年全球温压的动态（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">）</SPAN></FONT></P>
<DIV align=center>
<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt outset; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt outset; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt outset; WIDTH: 82%; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt outset" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="82%" border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 9pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(223,223,223) 0% 50%; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 25%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; HEIGHT: 9pt; moz-background-clip: initial; moz-background-origin: initial; moz-background-inline-policy: initial" width="25%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o /><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(223,223,223) 0% 50%; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 25%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; HEIGHT: 9pt; moz-background-clip: initial; moz-background-origin: initial; moz-background-inline-policy: initial" width="25%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">美</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">国</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(223,223,223) 0% 50%; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 25%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; HEIGHT: 9pt; moz-background-clip: initial; moz-background-origin: initial; moz-background-inline-policy: initial" width="25%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">欧</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">洲</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(223,223,223) 0% 50%; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 25%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; HEIGHT: 9pt; moz-background-clip: initial; moz-background-origin: initial; moz-background-inline-policy: initial" width="25%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">远</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">东</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 9pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 25%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; HEIGHT: 9pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="25%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">生产线</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 25%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; HEIGHT: 9pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="25%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>10<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 25%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; HEIGHT: 9pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="25%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>6<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 25%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; HEIGHT: 9pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="25%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>4<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 9pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 25%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; HEIGHT: 9pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="25%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在生产的零件</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 25%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; HEIGHT: 9pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="25%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>20<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 25%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; HEIGHT: 9pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="25%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>3<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 25%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; HEIGHT: 9pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="25%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>15<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 9pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 25%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; HEIGHT: 9pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="25%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在试验的公司</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 25%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; HEIGHT: 9pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="25%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">一些</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 25%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; HEIGHT: 9pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="25%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>10+<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 25%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; HEIGHT: 9pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="25%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>10+<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">表二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">：温压的可能用途（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">）</SPAN></FONT></P>
<DIV align=center>
<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt outset; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt outset; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt outset; WIDTH: 66%; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt outset" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="66%" border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(227,227,227) 0% 50%; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 50%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; moz-background-clip: initial; moz-background-origin: initial; moz-background-inline-policy: initial" width="50%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">应</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(227,227,227) 0% 50%; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 50%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; moz-background-clip: initial; moz-background-origin: initial; moz-background-inline-policy: initial" width="50%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">优</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">点</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 50%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width="50%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">螺旋齿输（电动工具）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">泵轮</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">连杆</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">凸轮</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">链轮</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">同步器毂</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">螺旋齿轮（变速箱）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">软磁零件</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 50%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width="50%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">增高强度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">增高强度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">增高疲劳强度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">减少磨损</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">增高切削加工强度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">增高强度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">增高弯曲疲劳强度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">较高密度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">　</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">粉末锻造兴起于七十年代初。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1981</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">年日本丰田汽车公司宣布粉末锻造汽车发动机连杆试制成功，并投入了生产。但是，真正投入大批量生产和使用的是美国的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Masco Tech Sintered Components</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">与福特汽车公司，预计到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1998</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">年年生产能力将达到约</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3000</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">万根</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(2)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1993</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">年底，这家公司共生产了粉锻连杆</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2500</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">万根。但是，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1994</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">年温压工艺出现后，福特汽车公司认为粉锻连杆不久将达到应用的顶点，最终将为一次压制一次烧结的连杆所替代。他们认为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">未来是属于一次烧结连杆的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>”(3)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在粉末冶金零件生产中，为了减少粉末颗粒之间和粉末颗粒与模壁之间的摩擦，粉末混合料中都添加有一定量的润滑剂，诸如硬脂酸锌等。要除去这些润滑剂始终是粉末冶金机械零件生产中一个难题。能否将润滑剂混入粉末中改为喷涂于模壁上，是长期探索的一条途径。据文献报导</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(4)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，用铁粉</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(F</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">－</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>0000)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">和钢粉</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(FN0205</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Fe</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">－</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2.Ni</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">－</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>0.45 C-1.3Cu)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">进行的试验表明，在密度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>6.0g/em3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">－</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>7.3g/cm3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的范围内，模壁润滑者比将润滑剂掺加于粉末内者，生坯强度可增高</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>128%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">－</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>127%(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>F</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">－</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>0000)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>66%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">－</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>139%(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>FN0205)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，而两者的烧结件强度相差很小，可认为在试验的误差范围之内。现在，美国</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Gasbarre Products</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">己采用模壁润滑，其系统已在市场出售。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">烧结硬化是将铁基粉末冶金零件的烧结过程和借助于通过炉子冷却带时进行淬火硬化结合起来的一项新工艺。在美国</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>MPIF1997</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">年版</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">粉末冶金结构零件材料标准</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">中，己含有这类材料的技术标准</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">见</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">粉末冶金工业</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>”V01.8N0.3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1998</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>444)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。这类材料是由预合金化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Ni-Mo</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">钢粉混合以铜粉与石墨粉制成的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>QMP</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>ATOMET4701</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">粉就是为烧结硬化工艺而开发的。在烧结硬化过程中，可通过控制烧结炉冷却带的冷却速度来调整材料的显微组织，使之达到所要求的马氏体含量和力学性能。表</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">显示由低合金</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Ni-Mo</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">钢粉</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>+2%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">铜粉</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>+1%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">石墨粉制造的，密度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>6.75g/cm3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的烧结硬化钢的硬度和马氏体百分含量的关系</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(5)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。很明显，这类材料的开发，对于需要进行后续热处理的高强度粉末冶金结构零件的发展具有重要实际意义。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">表三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">：烧结硬化钢的硬度与马氏体百分含量的关系</SPAN></FONT></P>
<DIV align=center>
<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt outset; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt outset; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt outset; WIDTH: 74%; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt outset" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="74%" border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 11.25pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(227,227,227) 0% 50%; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 33%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; HEIGHT: 11.25pt; moz-background-clip: initial; moz-background-origin: initial; moz-background-inline-policy: initial" width="33%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">硬</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">度（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>HRC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(227,227,227) 0% 50%; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 33%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; HEIGHT: 11.25pt; moz-background-clip: initial; moz-background-origin: initial; moz-background-inline-policy: initial" width="33%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">马氏体（％）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(227,227,227) 0% 50%; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 34%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; HEIGHT: 11.25pt; moz-background-clip: initial; moz-background-origin: initial; moz-background-inline-policy: initial" width="34%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">珠光体＋孔隙（％）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 54pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; HEIGHT: 54pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="100%" colSpan=3>
<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="WIDTH: 100%" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(236,233,216); PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: rgb(236,233,216); PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(236,233,216); WIDTH: 33%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(236,233,216); BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="33%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>10<BR>15<BR>20<BR>25<BR>30<BR>35<BR>40<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(236,233,216); PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: rgb(236,233,216); PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(236,233,216); WIDTH: 33%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(236,233,216); BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="33%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>10<BR>18<BR>40<BR>55<BR>75<BR>85<BR>95<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(236,233,216); PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: rgb(236,233,216); PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(236,233,216); WIDTH: 34%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(236,233,216); BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="34%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>90<BR>82<BR>60<BR>45<BR>25<BR>15<BR>5<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">这种材料是由颗粒表面涂覆有一层树脂类材料的铁粉，用温压压制成形的。瑞典赫格纳斯公司生产的这类粉末牌号为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Somaloy500</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>QMP</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的牌号为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>ATOMETEM</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">－</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。由这种</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SMC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">材料制造的铁粉芯，在美国通用汽车公司的整体线圈与电子线路</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(ICE</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">－</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">点火装置中己得到了应用。在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1997</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SAE</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">国际会议与博览会上，这个产品获得了汽车革新奖。这个产品是用温压试制的第一产品，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1990</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">年开始在葡萄牙试生产，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1992</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">年样品开始投放欧洲与南美市场，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1998</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">年这种产品将开始用于美国车辆中，现在这种</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SMC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">材料已发展到第三代，其性能改进的数据见表</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">表四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">：美国通用汽车公司用于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>AC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">用途的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SMC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">材料的性能改进</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(4)</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV align=center>
<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt outset; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt outset; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt outset; WIDTH: 100%; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt outset" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(227,227,227) 0% 50%; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 22.98%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; moz-background-clip: initial; moz-background-origin: initial; moz-background-inline-policy: initial" width="22%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">　</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(227,227,227) 0% 50%; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 19%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; moz-background-clip: initial; moz-background-origin: initial; moz-background-inline-policy: initial" width="19%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">初期材料</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(227,227,227) 0% 50%; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 19%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; moz-background-clip: initial; moz-background-origin: initial; moz-background-inline-policy: initial" width="19%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">现在的材料</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(227,227,227) 0% 50%; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 19%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; moz-background-clip: initial; moz-background-origin: initial; moz-background-inline-policy: initial" width="19%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">第二代材料</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(227,227,227) 0% 50%; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 20%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; moz-background-clip: initial; moz-background-origin: initial; moz-background-inline-policy: initial" width="20%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">第三代材料</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 22.98%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="22%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">密度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(g/cm3)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 19%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="19%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>7.20<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 19%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="19%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>7.25<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 19%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="19%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>7.35<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 20%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="20%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>7.45<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 22.98%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="22%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">电阴率</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(ohm-cm)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 19%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="19%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>0.15<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 19%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="19%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>0.20<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 19%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="19%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>0.20<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 20%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="20%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>1.50<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 22.98%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="22%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>Bmax(KG)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 19%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="19%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>13.00<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 19%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="19%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>13.5<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 19%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="19%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>14.5<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 20%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="20%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>15.75<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 22.98%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="22%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">最大磁导率</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>&nbsp;(G/Oe)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 19%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="19%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>90<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 19%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="19%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>190<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 19%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="19%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>350<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 20%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="20%">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>400<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="100%" colSpan=5>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1500e</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>50Hz</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">下测量的数据</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">这种材料的开发与应用为汽车点火装置、电灯振流器、变压器铁芯、低频滤波器与扼流圈铁芯，以及电动机中的硅钢片制品，找到了一种经济的替代产品。因此</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">这可能是一类极有发展前景，市场广阔的新材料。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">除上述外，金属注射成形</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(MIM)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">和高温烧结工艺也都是值得重视的新工艺。</SPAN></FONT></P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在二一世纪来临之际，让我们回顾一下世界粉末冶金机械零件行业的发展动向，对我国粉末冶金零件的生产厂和用户如何面对二一世纪粉末冶金零件的生产、发展和应用，或许是有益的。</SPAN>

一夕 发表于 2006-7-28 21:11:25

Re: 粉末冶金技术发展动向

我是外行，请问楼主，温压的定义是什么？

szsszs 发表于 2006-8-15 10:08:06

Re: 粉末冶金技术发展动向

很有启发!!

wdl97 发表于 2006-8-30 07:02:21

Re: 粉末冶金技术发展动向

大虾好文章,能否对温压、高温烧结、金属注射成形、烧结硬化等内容在详细介绍呢!

cqjfhyq 发表于 2006-8-31 14:16:21

Re: 粉末冶金技术发展动向

我们处理过粉末冶金,但对具体的还真没研究过

xgztf 发表于 2006-9-4 18:43:08

Re: 粉末冶金技术发展动向

黄伯云就有一本讲注射成型理论方面的书，不知道谁有电子版的，能不能共享一下

tiange1217 发表于 2006-11-12 22:16:18

Re: 粉末冶金技术发展动向

温压就是在金属粉末成形过程中对金属粉末加温，使金属粉末的压缩性能变好，从而可以使压坯达到较一般压制（常压）较高的密度。我司产品一般常压密度大部分在6.75-6.9之间，而温压可以高达7.10-7.3。

高温烧结听老师讲过，不过我还没有具体接触过。不敢妄加评论。

金属注射成形我在学校的时候见过，和我们打注射针有点类似，不过那配方什么的不好弄。不过其产品性能非常优良，内部均匀性很好，没有压制这么明显的孔隙。

烧结硬化：这个需要烧结炉和原料。HAGANAS生产的烧结硬化粉据说不错，据说产品烧结后不进行热处理表面硬度可以达到HRC15 MIN，我们还没有用过。还有一种烧结硬化就是类似于热处理工序：即产品在高温区后急剧冷却，从而达到热处理的同等效果，现在国内好像没有用这个的，在国外有用过。



我前几天和同学联系了，他留校读研究生（中南大学粉末冶金研究院，主攻方向：注射成形），他答应给我弄资料，^_^。看到时候我给大家SEE下啦

yyh1204 发表于 2008-10-9 20:01:10

粉末注射成形也算是粉末冶金领域的一项新技术！！！！

xlw2007 发表于 2009-7-30 21:33:55

很受启发，注射冶金的产品有些什么特性呢？？
页: [1]
查看完整版本: 粉末冶金技术发展动向